Karate kata

Karate techniques embody many of the most rapid and effective ways of defending against, and counter-attacking, an aggressor, but karate training goes beyond the limit of self-defence when these techniques are combined together in long sequences, or kata. Karate kata are built up from basic stances, movements, strikes and counters, which are linked together by more advanced actions, such as turns, evasions, combined attack and defence, locks, throws and feints.

Every kata is given its own name. There are several katas unique to each style of karate, in addition to the kata that are practiced across different styles. However, the same kata can be almost unrecognizable between styles, due to the different stances and techniques.

Kata are performed in a choreographed pattern. Each detail of the pattern is taught to the novice, and the sets of movements performed last for up to a minute or more. These movements are carried out in several different directions, however movement tends to linear rather than circular (attacking and defending in straight lines). Movement may be forward, backward, to the side, or diagonally from the start position. Locks and blocks performed in one direction are often repeated along the opposite axis to give an appearance of symmetry, allowing the Karateka to practice techniques both from hidari, the left and migi, the right.

Great emphasis is placed on perfection of every aspect of the performance. Timing, balance, focus, economy and harmony of the breath, body and spirit are the aims of the performer when following the moves of the kata.

Although they are usually given as group performances, there is no confrontation of opponents in a kata, which is designed to be performed alone, so that no one but the self confronts the Karateka.

Click to see list of names of karate katas and their meanings